Bill Gates - 1350 Words

Bill Gates William Henry Gates III, KBE, (born October 28, 1955), commonly known as Bill Gates, is the co-founder and current Chairman and Chief Software Architect of Microsoft. According to Forbes magazine in 2004, Gates is the wealthiest person in the world, a position he has held steadily for many years. Biography Bill Gates was born in Seattle, Washington to William H. Gates, Sr., a corporate lawyer, and Mary Maxwell Gates, board member of First Interstate Bank, Pacific Northwest Bell and the national board of United Way. Gates attended Lakeside School, Seattles most exclusive prep school, where he was able to develop his programming skills on the schools minicomputer. He later on went to study at Harvard†¦show more content†¦On May 16, 1991 Gates announced to Microsoft employees that the OS/2 partnership was over and Microsoft would henceforth focus its platform efforts on Windows and the NT kernel. In the ensuing years OS/2 fell to the side and Windows became the favored PC platform. Some years later, Microsofts Internet Explorer web browser displaced Netscapes Navigator, in a turn of events that many attributed to Microsofts inclusion of Internet Explorer in Windows at no extra charge. An opposing view is that the inclusion in Windows was less important in Internet Explorers adoption than Microsofts improvement of the browsers features to a level comparable with Navigator. As the architect of Microsofts product strategy, Gates has aggressively broadened the companys range of products and, once it has obtained a leading position in a category, has vigorously defended that position. His and other Microsoft executives strategic decisions have more than once drawn the concern of competition regulators, and in some cases have been ruled illegal. In 2000, Gates promoted long-time friend and Microsoft executive Steve Ballmer to the role of Chief Executive Officer and took on the role of Chief Software Architect. Bill Melinda Gates Foundation With his wife, Gates founded the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation, a charitable organization. Critics have called this a response to negative publicShow MoreRelatedBill Gates1393 Words   |  6 PagesBill Gates and His Computer Empire Just past 9 PM on October 28, 1955, the man who would revolutionize the computer industry as we know it, was born. The son of Bill Jr. and Mary Gates was named William Henry Gates III. The computer super-genius was soon to take his place in history. Within the last fifteen years the company that he and Paul Allan started, Microsoft, has become the largest software corporation in the computer industry. What is Bill Gates background, and how did he preserve hisRead MoreBill Gates998 Words   |  4 PagesBill Gates When one thinks of computer software, one must think of Microsoft. In fact if you use a computer, chances are that you will have some type of program on there that is developed by Microsoft. The CEO, chairman, cofounder, and owner of 147 billion shares of Microsoft is Bill Gates. William Henry Gates III was born in the midst of a scenic Seattle on Thursday, October 28, 1995 to his parents Mary and William Henry Gates Jr. His childhood was uneventful and was well raised. He wentRead MoreBill Gates : A Leader1284 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Identify a leader and justify why you selected that particular leader Bill Gates Not everyone is a leader or even want the attention or time it takes to be a leader. Leaders must be available for everyone that means sharing who they are with the world. This leader took his business and made a name for himself. Leaders are fantastic speakers, yet talking honorably isn t excessively required of a leader. As we all in all know, there are many people who talk and are overwhelming. ThisRead More BILL GATES Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pages Microsoft’s Bill Gates, though a transactional leader, he is by far a charismatic leader. He really fits the mold of a computer â€Å"geek†. He motivates his employees because his personality fits theirs. Thus, as a champion in the computer industry, he is the champion of the computer geeks. The more his company grows and wins in the marketplace, the harder people work for him. He continues to have good vision, vision that gets good results. Good vision, good workers and a good history of success willRead More Bill Gate s Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesBill Gates William Henry Gates, III was born October 28, 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He was the middle child of three born to William and Mary Gates. ATrey,@ as he was called because of the III, was sent to a private school by his father, a lawyer, and mother, a former teacher now on several prestigous boards (Moritz, 238). At age 13, Bill had completely taught himself programming after taking a computer studies class. After scoring a perfect 800 on the mathematics half of the SAT, he graduatedRead More Bill Gates Essay627 Words   |  3 Pages Bill Gates William H. Gates Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Microsoft Corporation William (Bill) H. Gates is chairman and chief executive officer of Microsoft Corporation, the leading provider, worldwide, of software for the personal computer. and employs more than 20,000 people in 48 countries. Born on October 28, 1955, Gates and his two sisters grew up in Seattle. Their father, William H. Gates II, is a Seattle attorney. Their late mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher, University of WashingtonRead MoreThe Legacy Of Bill Gates1304 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Bill Gates Bill Gates made a lot of changes to the way the world operates through technology and made life at lot easier for other people around the world. Bill Gates (also known as William Henry III or Trey) is an American entrepreneur, business mogul, investor, philanthropist, and one of the most richest and influential people in the world. He was also known as the best businessman in the 20th century. In his years as a child, he had the attitude for math and science as well as showingRead MoreBill Gates Biography1171 Words   |  5 PagesBill Gates was born  October 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington. He is famous for building through technological innovation, great business strategies and aggressive business tactics, the worlds largest software business, Microsoft. He is also well known for becoming the wealthiest person in the world in the process of building his company. Gates came from an upper middle-class family. His  family atmosphere was warm and close, and he and his two sisters were always encouraged to be competitive andRead MoreBill Gates : An Accomplishment1243 Words   |  5 Pagesdollars. Bill Gates became one of the most wealthy, successful men in the world through his determination, his outstanding ideas, and being an consistent entrepreneur. He developed those qualities from his childhood and background, his present projects, and future plans he has with his fortune. Bill Gates has become co-founder of microsoft and has built the largest privately owned foundation in the world. Not many people in this world can say that they have accomplished what Bill Gates has in 60Read MoreBill Gates Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesBill Gates We read books for a number of reasons but usually because we want to or we have to. When you pick up a book it falls into one of three types, dependent on whether it is a want to or a have to type of book. First theres the kind of book you pick up and like the look of but then the first chapter is so bad that you have to put it down because you are either too confused by the plot or you discover it has been written in some obscure untranslatable language. The second type is where

Homeless Youth Homeless Youths - 1543 Words

It is estimated that between 240,000 and 400,000 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) youth experience at least one incident of homelessness each year in the United States (National Alliance to End Homelessness, qtd in Ream and Forge). However, it is important to note that these estimates have wide margins of error because tracking statistics for marginalized communities is quite difficult. Furthermore, homeless LGBTQ+ youths also have challenges not faced by their cisgender-heterosexual (cis-het) homeless peers, including discrimination in non-LGBTQ+-specific youth homeless services and greater health disparities, including greater rates of victimization, sexual risk behaviors, substance use, mental illness, and†¦show more content†¦To combat a problem such as this, so-called â€Å"Right to Work† laws should be fought. Right-to-Work laws weaken unions (Eisenbrey), and often times homeless LGBTQ+ people are asked to get jobs as a way to â€Å"get b ack on their feet† and achieve economic independence. This becomes a problem for homeless LGBTQ+ people (or anyone) who lack union representation because â€Å"entry-level, minimum-wage jobs that were available†¦ â€Å"are physically demanding, have unpredictable schedules, and pay so meagerly that workers can’t save up enough to move on† (Ehrenreich, qtd in Ream and Forge). If instead, many of these jobs were unionized, workers would see higher wages, better hours and more flexibility, and better working conditions (Walters Mishel). Many LGBTQ+ homeless youths are also low-income people of color, and because of countless factors, have not completed high school. In 2013, the jobless rate for low-income black youths without a high school diploma was 95 percent (PBS, qtd in Ream and Forge). There are no jobless rate statistics for youths who have similar identities who also identify LGBTQ+, but it is possible that such a statistic would only confirm other re ports that LGBTQ+ youths have much harder challenges compared to cis-hetero youths, especially when factoring in homelessness (Cochran et al., qtd in Bidell). Improving Law Enforcement Looking specifically at a policy such as NewShow MoreRelatedHomeless Youth And Lgbt Youth2226 Words   |  9 Pages2012 designed to assess the experiences of homeless youth organizations in providing services to LGBT youth. The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Homeless Youth Provider Survey also assessed the prevalence of LGBT youth within the homeless populations being served by these organizations. According to their findings, as many as 40 percent of homeless youth identify as LGBT. The most common reason found to have caused homelessness amongst LGBT youth was family rejection after coming out.Read MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Youth834 Words   |  4 Pages Theoretical Framework Homeless Youth 11/1/2014 Ken Dix Homeless youth are a standout amongst the most underestimated gatherings in our general public. Numerous specialists recognize much more elevated amounts of different issue practices among these adolescent contrasted with their non-homeless associates. The current study analyzed the utility of social capital in foreseeing issue practices among homeless youth. Homelessness is portrayed as circumstances of people or family units withoutRead MoreHomeless Youth in Canada801 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber of homeless that live on the streets in Canada and 8,000-11,000 of those people are youth in the age range of only 16-24 years of age. This number has increased and grown bigger by the days due to social and economic factors and coming up with a solution becomes more complicated. Many teens become homeless because of hardship in their life or addiction and mental/psychical disabilities, which affects the integrity of that person. This essay will explain the factors of how youth end up onRead MoreHomeless Youth Essay641 Words   |  3 PagesHomeless Youth Homelessness is defined as having no fixed place to sleep at night. This includes people staying in motels until their money runs out, those staying with friends, those staying in shelters, and those sleeping inside or out whatever space they can find to protect themselves. The number of homeless people has been growing and it has become a serious problem in our society. Every night in Canada there are thousands of people living on the streets. This type of behaviour is consideredRead MoreHomelessness And The Homeless Youth1442 Words   |  6 Pagesincredibly vulnerable group is the homeless youth due to their young age and lack of education. According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular night in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. Youth become homeless for multiple reasons whether it be because they have aged out of foster care, ran from home, were kicked out of their h ome, or because they have become homeless along with their family membersRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Youth1372 Words   |  6 PagesLGBT homeless people have been suffering for a substantial amount of time, and it seems as if not many people are aware of this issue. When people think about homeless people they usually do not think about their sexual orientation. But, little do people know that there are many homeless youths that are either lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. Yes, many reasons play into why a youth could be without a roof over his or her head and the sad part of this issue is that one of many reasons. ParentsRead MoreRunaway and Homeless Youth1904 Words   |  8 Pagesregarding homeless people such as â€Å"they need to just get a job† or â€Å"go to school† are normally used liberally by members of society because they neglect to look at the complete issue. Homelessness does not discriminate. Individuals that have previously experience or ma y experience being homeless can be from different regions, have different cultural backgrounds, ages, and could be of any gender. Minorities seem to be mostly affected by homelessness. A study done in 2012 found that the homeless populationRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Youth1920 Words   |  8 PagesHomeless means by definition, an individual who lacks housing, and a resident that lives in transitional housing. A homeless person is a person who lives in a shelter, in their car or on the streets. Being homeless is to live without permanent housing (Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik, 2012, para. 2). To live in poverty means different things: living without being able to buy and have the things society expects you to have, living without food, clothing, electricity, and transportation. The ProblemRead MoreThe Homelessness Of Homeless Youth Essay1775 Words   |  8 PagesHomeless individuals can be easily detected in our society. They are the individuals dressed in drab clothing asking for money, the people sleeping on park benches in the middle of the night, and the people who we judge when they beg for money wondering why they don’t get a job. They are judged under a certain narrative that reduces the homeless individual into their current state of being (Lancione, 2013). To understand homelessness one should not only look at the current condition of the individualsRead MoreHomeless Youth Of The 20th Century Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesHomeless Youth in the 20th Century There is an inaccurate count of the number of homeless youth individuals are currently in America. They only account for those who are in the shelter’s system, which is a small portion of the total population of homeless youth. One report estimated that only one in twelve homeless youth ever come into contact with the shelter system (Somllar, 1999). The main focus is on â€Å"street youth† who are still on the streets with no home, and no adult guidance. The downfall

Developing Management Capabilities

Question: Discuss about theDeveloping Management Capabilities. Answer: Teams and Groups People in organizations often come together to execute tasks together. When this occurs, it is commonly referred to as teamwork, with this collection of individuals being referred to as a group. Teams and groups are terms that are often used synonymously and interchangeably, albeit this usage is sometimes erroneous. There are distinctive differences between teams and groups, which will be explored and explicated through the following literature review. Literature Review on Groups and Teams Teams and groups are terms, which while often used interchangeably, signify distinctively different collections of people or animals. According to Morgeson, Lindoerfer and Loring (2010), a team refers to a collection of two or more people, who are interdependent, and who have shared common goals and shared accountability for their own outcomes and those of the team(Hughes Jones, 2011). Griffin, Phillips and Gully (2016) elaborate that a group is a collection of two people who interact together and mutually influence each another. A team is, therefore, in essence, an objective group. The key difference between a group and a team can therefore be thought of as the objectivity of the latter. Benefits of Teamwork Teamwork and working in teams has a variety of benefits for both the individuals gathering and the organization. For individuals, teams are an important avenue through which their belonging needs are satisfied. According to Gallie et al., (2012) teamwork has been reported to lead to increased employee satisfaction and improved productivity. On their part, Yang, Huang, Wu (2011) report that teamwork has positive influences on project success, with stakeholder success and overall project success being attained where there is stronger team communication and team cohesiveness. Usually, teams are formed with the aim of executing a particular task. As such, it is important that a team have individuals who possess the requisite skills to perform the required task. Griffin and Moorehead (2011) point out three types of skills that teams usually require. The first set of skills is technical skills, which are required to perform the job at hand. The second set of skills is problem solving and decision making skills. Finally, teams also require interpersonal skills. Technical skills pertain to the job at hand and are implicit to the realization of the job tasks. For an IT team, technical skills would include the technical knowhow such as programming. Problem solving and decision-making skills are important in orienting the team. Individuals who possess such skills enable the organization to determine its priorities and set it goals. Additionally, they also help to evaluate the various alternatives available and identify the direction that the team should take. Fin ally, interpersonal skills enable the team to have an ambience that is socially conducive for the harmonious working of all members. While these skills are highly important for the team, it is highly unlikely that all members of the team will possess each of these sets of skills. With the gradual interaction occurring in the team, however, members gradually develop proficiency in these skills. Moreover, the opportunity to learn and utilize new skills improves favorable attitudes towards teamwork(Jiang, 2010). Given the significance of each of these skillsets, it is important that while choosing a team leader, the team should select the individual who has the relatively highest aggregate of these skills. Leadership and Teamwork A team leader is like any other leader and should as such; possess the qualities of a good leader. The responsibilities of the team leader may include organization and coordination of the team, providing strategic direction and communicating with individuals outside the team. Consequently, it is essential that a team have effective leadership. Griffin, Phillips and Gully, (2016) identify two leadership needs within groups. These are task roles and socioemotional roles. DuBrin (2011) argues that the leader must not only possess context specific knowledge, but also, great interpersonal skills since leadership is highly interpersonal in nature. Another important aspect for leaders is that they should recognize differences in the personalities of members of the team and how these members work around tasks (Banutu-Gomez Rohrer, 2011). Griffin, Phillips and Gully, (2016) go on to note that leadership in a team may manifest itself in the form of a formal as well as an informal leader. Commonly, the informal leader emerges to supplement the leadership deficiencies of the formal leader. If this is the case, the informal leader has an important role to play in binding the team since according to Dirks (2000), if followers are not confident in the leader, apathy may follow. The leader should have sufficient skills and ability to inspire confidence, an attribute referred to as idealized influence(Harms Cred, 2010). Loss of employee trust in the leader can be detrimental since it leads to negative behavior and performance(Mosley Patrick, 2011). Thus, informal leadership may be important in fastening the team, where the formal leadership is deficient. Stages in Group Formation Groups and teams do not automatically emerge as coherent structures. Rather, after the formation of the group, it undergoes certain pains before it can eventually become a wholly functional unit(Griffin, Phillips, Gully, 2016). There are several theories that track group development, but most are consistent with Tuckmans five-stage model(Forsyth, 2009). Tuckmans model initially had four stages, but he later expanded it to five by adding the adjourning stage. The initial four stages in the development of groups are forming, storming, norming, and performing(Frances, 2008). During the first stage, orientation, also referred to as forming, members are coming together and really do not know each other(Forsyth, 2009). This stage is characterized ambiguity, tentative interactions, tensions, and growing interdependence. Griffin, Phillips, Gully (2016) refer to this stage as the mutual acceptance stage, where individuals share information and discuss tasks as they get to know each other. The next stage is storming, also known as the conflict stage(Forsyth, 2009). During this stage, there is a lot of conflict within the group and people begin to express their dissatisfaction and disapproval. Forsyth (2009) further indicates that at this stage, members begin to form coalition. On their part, Griffin, Phillips, Gully (2016) do not attend to the conflict aspects of this stage, which they refer to as communication and decision-making. Instead, they argue that this stage is characterized by expression of attitude and the establishment of group norms and goals. This, however, seems to be aligned more with the third stage, structure, also termed as norming. At this stage, there is increased satisfaction amongst members of the group and increased unity and cohesion(Forsyth, 2009). For their third stage, Griffin, Phillips, Gully (2016) discuss motivation and productivity where they aver that at this stage, there is increased cooperation and creativity, and people are more fo cused on their tasks. Again, aspects of this stage appear to be more consistent with the fourth stage, performing, where Tuckman argued that the groups attention shifts to focus on the tasks and the attainment of goals. An important caveat is that not all groups reach this stage, even if they are highly cohesive(Forsyth, 2009). The last stage outlined by Griffin, Phillips, Gully (2016) is control and organization, where they contend that members now work interdependently with tasks being assigned according to capability. There is also increased flexibility and self-control. The final stage appended by Tuckman is the adjourning stage, which involves the dissolution of the group(Forsyth, 2009). This stage can be planned or spontaneous. Forsyth (2009) indicates that even for planned dissolution, however, members may encounter problems as they endeavor to reduce their dependency on the group. Evaluation of Personal Attributes Several tools exist, which managers and individuals can use to assess and evaluate their own leadership and teamwork capabilities. This include the Johari window, the Big 5, ESCI and the Belbin team inventory. These tools allow an individual to gain insight into their own abilities. I used three of these tools to gain insight into my own capabilities and the following paragraphs present and review the outcomes about my own personality. The Big 5 personality test is a test that assesses five dimensions of human personality. According to this item, my personality was revealed as open to new experience and nervous/high-strung. I attained an average score on each of the other merits. This means that I am neither organized nor disorganized, neither particularly social nor reserved, and finally, neither extremely forgiving nor irritable. The second tool that I used was the ESCI personality test. ESCI refers to Emotional and Social Competence Inventory. My ESCI scores revealed that I am adaptable, empathetic, achievement oriented and oriented towards teamwork. This means that I am well capable of working within teams. My adaptability allows me settle in well within various teams and team roles. I am also able to achieve much since I am an achievement oriented individual. The final tool used is the Belbins team inventory. The Belbin test evaluates nine team roles, and provides feedback to an individual on which combination of these team roles is best suited to the individual. Based on the outcomes of the workshop assessment, I discovered that some of my skills including planning and coordinating with teammates, setting team goals and resolving team problems. In terms of team roles, I am suited for roles such as the implementor, teamworker, coordinator, and shaper. I am least suited to being a resource investigator, plant and monitor. Looking back at my test results on each of these frameworks, I feel that they indeed reflect my true personality because there appears to be a level of congruence among the results for each test. For example, the ESCI test revealed that I am adaptable and empathetic, while the Belbin inventory indicates that I am suited to being a teamworker. I feel that my empathy is one of the factors that enables me to solve team problems. Secondly, the Belbin test also indicated that another of my stronger roles is being an implementer and team shaper. I feel that this is tied to my achievement orientation as revealed by the ESCI test. My achievement orientation means that I am able to analyze tasks and determine what I would wish to achieve. This is what makes me a good fit for the role of setting team goals. One of the qualities of a shaper within a team is that they tend to be cautious about meeting deadlines and goals. I feel this is tied to the ESCI outcome of being achievement oriented. Fur thermore, a less desirable trait of the shaper is their frustration and emotional reaction. I feel that this reflects what I discovered through the Big Five personality about being nervous/high-strung. Overall, there is strong agreement between the outcomes of the various tests. Personal Action Plan Having discovered my own strengths and competencies when it comes to managing others, I believe there are a number of areas in which I can improve. The areas in which I can improve on include my nervousness and communication within teams. Under the Big Five test, I discovered that my neuroticism score is very high, indicating that I am easily emotionally stirred. I feel that this can interfere with my work as a leader and within teams. The areas where I require improvement and the course I plan to follow to do so are presented in the table below. My personal goals: How I will achieve them Barriers to Achieving My Goals Overcoming the Barrier Determination of Achievement To reduce my nervousness and become more calm and less easily emotionally instigated. Nervousness has profound negative effects on decision-making and can cause one to make poor decisions. By exposing myself to more risk and more adventure so that I become used to exciting situations. One of my Big Five scores indicated that I am open to new experiences. I will harness this attribute to expose myself to situations that are likely to increase my nervousness. By pushing myself to these limits, I will be able to train myself to manage anxiety better. I am naturally nervous and might tend to avert situations that will increase my nervousness. Focusing on the negative outcomes of situations. I believe I can overcome the barrier by focusing on the positive outcomes and asking myself what is the worst that could happen to me even if the worst came to be. In this way, I will challenge myself to discover that the negative outcome will not be so bad. When I can listen to others and comfortably ignore the impulsive urge to respond. When others can taunt me and I will not be drawn in to respond unnecessarily. To enhance my ability to communicate at the interpersonal level. In particular, I would like to improve on my listening skills. Part of the problem with my listening is that I am easily distracted by internal factors. An improvement in my interpersonal and listening skills will benefit other areas of my life such as class. I also believe that it will help to improve my nervousness since I will be able to enhance my focus. In order to improve my listening skills, I will train myself to focus on the subject of conversation more than anything else. The aim will be to reduce the effect of distractions Internal distractions and contextual emotions. In addition, my keenness to detail means that I easily get distracted by details within a venue of communication and veer off. I will begin by training myself to listen during short forums. As I successfully learn to listen, I will then grow into larger forums. I believe that the length of a forum can be overwhelming especially where it is too lengthy. As for distractions, I plan to practice with venues where I can remove potential distractions, then reintroduce them one by one. My improvement in listening will be attained when I am able to recall what was communicated to me within the context it was communicated. References Banutu-Gomez, M. B., Rohrer, W. G. (2011). Teams in Organization. The Business Review, Cambridge , 18 (1), 54-60. Dirks, K. T. (2000). Trust in Leadership and Team Performance: Evidence from NCAA Basketball. Journal of applied psychology, 85(6), 1004. DuBrin, A. J. (2011). Human relations for career and personal success: concepts, applications, and skills. 9th ed. , . Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Pearson. Forsyth, D. R. (2009). Group Dynamics (5 ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Frances, M. (2008). Stages of group developmenta PCP Approach. Personal Construct Theory Practice, 5, 10-18. Gallie, D., Zhou, Y., Felstead, A., Green, F. (2012). Teamwork, skill development and employee welfare. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(1), 23-46. Griffin, R. W., Phillips, J. M., Gully, S. M. (2016). Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Harms, P. D., Cred, M. (2010). Emotional intelligence and transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 17(1), 5-17. Hughes, R. L., Jones, S. K. (2011). Developing and assessing college student teamwork skills. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2011(149), 53-64. Jiang, X. (2010). How to Motivate People Working in Teams. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(10), 223-229. Morgeson, F. P., Lindoerfer, D., Loring, D. J. (2010). Developing Team Leadership Capability. In E. V. Velsor, C. McCauley, M. Ruderman (Eds.), The Center for Creative Leadership Handbook of Leadership Development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass,. Mosley, D. C., Patrick, D. K. (2011). Leadership and Followership: The Dynamic Process of Building High Performance Cultures. Organization Development Journal, 29(2), 85-100. Yang, L.-R., Huang, C.-F., Wu, K.-S. (2011). The association among project manager's leadership style, teamwork and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 3(29), 258-267.

Struggles between religious groups

Sixteenth century is a period that was marked by constant struggles between religious groups as each religion tried to establish their practices and traditions throughout the world. These battles would become so rampant over the years, thus causing a lot of tension in some religious groups.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Struggles between religious groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christianity, which was highly represented by the Roman Catholic Church, was among the groups that would undergo significant changes as a result of these tensions. Before the Sixteenth century, the church had strongly established itself in most parts of Europe compared to any other Christian church. However, in the wake of the sixteenth century, a lot of opposition against Roman Catholicism was observed in Northern Europe and Central Europe, where some people who had perceived different interpretations of the church’s doc trine came out openly to stage their views. Without any doubt the Protestant Reformation would not have been possible without the contribution of Martin Luther. The strong authority of Roman Catholicism over the other churches was based on their doctrine, which strongly links the church foundation to Jesus Christ. The doctrine further states that, the designation of Apostle Peter as the first pontiff of the church by Christ Himself marked the humble beginning of the church. Martin Luther, an ex-Roman Catholic Monk who was not convinced by the truth in these views went on to stage serious opposition to the church and its practices. Luther used the power of media to publicize his numerous theses that outlined his disagreement with the church, thus setting the stage for the Protestant Reformation. In his revolt against Roman Catholicism, Martin Luther challenged various traditions and practices aligned to the church. For instance, Luther condemned the sale of indulgences in the church as a way through which followers can be pardoned of their sins. In regard with this practice, Luther would base his views on the claim that, it was only through faith that salvation comes to people, whereby Faith is acquired through contemplation of the scriptures (MacCulloch 65). Luther went on to challenge the authority of the Pope, making it clear that salvation was a divine gift that comes freely to people after they have truly repented their sins before God.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Luther also raised complaints about the luxurious lifestyles that were associated with the Church administrators. Luther and his followers also denounced some key customs and beliefs associated with the church such as pilgrimages, fasts, saints’ veneration, and the belief on purgatory among other aspects. Another interesting observation by Luther that would raise a lot of contro versy was the perception that clergy should be allowed to marry. I personally believe that Martin Luther was right about his attacks on Roman Catholicism. Apart from what was contained in the doctrine of the Church, Luther simply had a different imagination about faith, and in that case, his main interest was to influence Catholics to believe on his own mold of salvation that appeared to be more perfect. In this regard, thinking that Luther was wrong by using abuse to attack the church would be a mistaken perception. The truth of the matter is that, rather that following the misleading lessons of the Roman Catholic church , Luther just used the revolutionary path to seek true salvation for himself and anybody else who would believe in his views and suggestions. The Eastern Orthodox Church shares a lot in common with the Roman Catholic Church, and some of these similarities were just what Martin Luther disagreed with. For example, just like the Catholics, the Orthodox also claims to be a true church of Christ, whose origins can be traced back to the apostles. Moreover, the Orthodox maintains the idea of apostolic succession and they also affirm the Trinity, among other aspects of the Roman Catholic doctrine. In fact, these were some of the reasons why Martin Luther never considered Eastern Orthodox as a valid alternative to Roman Catholicism. More importantly, the Eastern Orthodox Church did not fit in the call of the Lutherans for a clear interpretation of the scriptures in all aspects of Christianity. Martin Luther was also the pioneer of anti-Jewishness that would flourish in Germany, owing to his various publications that openly expressed his hatred for Jews (Placher 27). Luther may not have invented anti-Semitism, but his works played a significant role in promoting the prejudice to a level that had never been observed before in Europe. By vehemently criticizing the Jews and their religious practices, Luther unconsciously influenced people, particularly th e Germans, to have a negative outlook on the Jews. His Libel against Jews brought unfortunate repercussions on the group during the Holocaust. The Jews were driven from their homes and into concentration camps, where they were exposed to all kinds of inhuman acts such as hard labor, poor diet, and cruel deaths.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Struggles between religious groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it is observed from this essay, Martin Luther was one person who has had serious impact in modern Christianity. Through his many theses challenging Roman Catholicism, he had succeeded to convince people about the many faults that existed in the Roman Catholic doctrine. This way, Luther set the pace for the historical Protestant Reformation that, apart from unveiling a better understanding of faith would also bring the authority and corruption within Roman Catholicism to an end. It is also clear here that , apart from being the mind behind the Protestant Reformation, Luther had also pioneered anti-Semitism in Europe. Works Cited Chidester, David. Christianity: A Global History, New York: HarperCollins, 2000. Print. MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation: A History, New York: Viking Press, 2004. Print. Placher, William. A History of Christian Theology: An Introduction, Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1983. Print. This essay on Struggles between religious groups was written and submitted by user Enzo O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Creation vs. Evolution †Theology Essay

Creation vs. Evolution – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Creation vs. Evolution Theology Essay The questions posed to us about a religion and faith we are supposed to know made things very tricky and hard. When thinking about God usually I just think back to the previous weekend at church. These questions have changed that though I have had to look at him and what he has done in a completely different way. So I chose the topic that involves his creation of humans earth and all that is, and the theory of evolution. The Catholic Church and evolution are two major opposites but I believe that are very much connected in the ideas behind man and earth. I am talking about creation and evolution I should probably let you know what they are. Creation is the art by which the eternal God gave a beginning to all that exists outside of him. Creation also refers to the created universe or totality of what exists, as often expressed by the formula â€Å"the heaven and the earth.†(Paragraph 290 CCC) Then you have Evolution which means a theory that the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. (According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary). There are two main differences between these two, one states that God created the earth and all its creatures and the other just states that things just were there is no real evidence behind where they came from or what they started as. The Catholic Church shows in Genesis ch.1 that god created the earth in seven days. They showed us a picture or created an image in our heads how he created it over the week. The first day he created light and the separation of night and day, on the second they showed the creation of the sky separation of the waters, on the third god created the earth and its ground and the sea, the fourth day he created the sun and moon, on the fifth day he created all living creatures, on the sixth day he created all fertile things seeds and flowers, and the seventh day god rested. Now you show the theory of evolution and there is no real evidence that their was a beginning organism or a beginning thing that began all the different things being made. There are many people who have said they found evidence that backs this up but there can be no way to ever prove either God or evolution right or wrong.(Genesis chapter 1) From one of the handouts we received in class a priest of the catholic church states â€Å" the theory of evolution rather than negating the need for God, helps believers understand his relationship to the universe.† (father George Coyne) Which is what I believe I was saying you can know evolution for what it is and still know god for his higher being. No matter the evidence we receive or never receive in the case of evolution are faiths are our own and we can know God to his fullest with evolution also. If God created all didn’t he have to create the theory of evolution also. The second part of the question asks if a person can believe in the Catholic Church and evolution at the same time. Well obviously the church is going to say that you cannot but in the end it’s all personal preference and it all depends on your feelings. There is no way you can be kept from believing in both because both are so unproven and this makes it easier to think one or the other could be possible making me think sure evolution could be how we were created or it could have been the seven days of creation will we ever know for sure which is true? The third part of this question is for me to tell you what I believe and I really don’t know sure I believe god created the earth and all living beings but there is no proof there to support it. The same comes from evolution sure man could have been created from dust but where is the proof stating all things came from one thing. There isn’t any solid matter or truth to either making me skeptical to all that I have learned is a truth. In conclusion God created man as equals so why did man go and try to create evolution as a theory to underarm god? The people that support evolution are usually not related to the Catholic Church at all making them perfect examples of Atheists and evolutionist. Will we ever know the truth and will we ever be shown who the almighty reign of the earth is, will we ever get to see the almighty God or is he just something someone created just like evolution? Work Cited Page New American Bible: Genesis Ch1-2 Evolution important for insights into God: London, The Leaven, August 19, 2005 Research Papers on Creation vs. Evolution - Theology EssayGenetic Engineering19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

Can You Fail the SAT

Can You Fail the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is a pretty high-stakes test - it’s an important part of your college applications, which could mean trouble if you get a low score. But can you fail the SAT altogether? The good news is that officially, it’s impossible to fail the SAT - but that doesn’t mean that a low score doesn't mean bad news. Here, I’ll review everything you need to know about why you can’t really fail the SAT, but why poor marks may as well count as failing. Worried about your score? At the end, I’ll go over the steps you should take to pull them up. Failing the SAT: The Official Answer Before I go into the official answer on whether you can fail the SAT, I’d like to review some important background information on how the test is scored. The SAT is currently scored out of 1600 total points. The lowest score you can get on the SAT is 400.This scoring system isn’t necessarily intuitive, so to give you an idea of what the score distribution looks like: The average test score is 1000. The top 25% of scorers get 1200 points or higher, which is generally considered very good. The bottom 25% of scorers get 840 points or lower, which is generally considered poor. Now that we’ve got that out of the way, I want to reiterate that it’s impossible to officially fail the SAT. There are no letter grades or cutoff scores, only your scaled score (the number you receive out of 1600) and your percentile score (the number that tells you how well you’ve done when compared to other test-takers. A percentile score of 60, for example, would tell you that you scored higher than 60% of test-takers). Because we can link scaled scores with percentile scores, we can tell how well a particular student did on the SAT. Even though there is no official failing cutoff, it’s still possible to get a score that will hurt your college applications. This brings me a more pragmatic response as to whether it’s possible to fail the SAT†¦ Failing the SAT: TheUnofficial (and More Helpful) Answer The whole point of preparing for and taking the SAT (perhaps several times) is to make sure you’ll get into a college you’d like to attend. There is no official passing or failing grade on the SAT, but there are certain score benchmarks that are considered low. How you'd define a low score is really dependent on your perspective - do you want to know what's low based on national performance, ordo you want a more nuanced look at scores based on your personal goals? In the next sections, I'll show you how you can do both. It's helpful to start with a wide perspective, and then focus in on what's most relevant for you. Low Score Based on National Performance First, we’ll take a more general view: what’s considered a low score overall, based on national performance? This one's fairly easy to answer. We can consider a low score to be at the 25th percentile and below (as I describedearlier). This means that out of all the people who take the SAT nationwide, those who get an 840 or lower may be considered low scorers. Low Score Based on Personal Goals More importantly, you’ll want to consider what score you’ll consider as a personal failure - not in the sense that the score is a failing grade, but in the sense that the score will fail to help you achieve your personal college admissions goals. An SAT score is just a part of your college application, but a low score will subject the rest of your app to high scrutiny.A very low score might get your app tossed out, even if the rest of your credentials signal that you’d be a good fit for the school. I can’t tell you exactly what SAT score lies at these critical points (i.e. the scores that will hinder you from getting into certain schools). But there is a way to get a ballpark estimate of these â€Å"failing† scores based on the schools you’re interested in. Here’s how you do it: Step #1 Make a list of all the schools you’re interested in (8-10 colleges is ideal). You can include a few reach schools and a few safety schools, but try to compose a list of mostly target colleges. Step #2 For each school, Google â€Å"[name of school] PrepScholar admissions requirements.† The correct link should be one of the first couple results. Here's an example of what your search results will look like: The second link is the one you want! Step #3 On the PrepScholar admissions page, find the information for the 25th/75th percentile SAT scores (we currently have data for the old 2400 point SAT - when schools release data for the current SAT, we’ll update these pages). Because we’re trying to figure out a benchmark for your own personal dangerously low score, we’re most concerned with the 25th percentile score for any school of interest. This means that only 25% of students were accepted to that school with SAT scores lower than the one listed. Step #4 Convert the old 25th percentile SAT scores (out of 2400) to current SAT scores (out of 1600). You can do this by taking the old score and multiplying by â…”, then rounding to the nearest multiple of 10. This gives you your â€Å"danger† score for a particular school in the new scoring system. Example: If the 25th percentile score was 1510 in the old scoring system, I multiply by â…” to get 1007. I round to the nearest multiple of 10 and get 1010. Step #5 If you’ve gathered SAT info for several schools (especially if you’re looking primarily at target schools), you can average the converted scores to get an idea of what your personal definition of â€Å"failing the SAT† might be. If the average score that you calculate seems impossibly high, you might want to re-do this exercise with less competitive schools (i.e. schools with lower SAT scores for admitted students). Applying to schools with average SAT scores that are closer to your own may increase your chances of admission - if your own SAT score is relatively low for a particular school (i.e. at or below the 25th percentile), it won’t necessarily be impossible to get in, but it will definitely be more difficult. For more detailed info, check out our guide on howto calculate an ideal target SAT score. What toDo If You Have a Low Score If your SAT score is around or below that critical 25th percentile mark, there are a few things you can do. Option 1: You can look at schools with less competitive SAT scores for admitted students (like I mentioned earlier). Option 2: You can strategically prepare for the SAT to bring your scores closer to your target. Here, I’ll walk you through the steps you should take if you choose Option 2. How to Prep for the SAT: A Low Scorer's Guide The following tips and strategies are for students with lower-than-average SAT scores (remember that the average is about 1000 out of 1600). If your scores are already pretty high but you’re applying to extremely competitive schools, you should start by checking out our guide to getting a perfect SAT score. Understand Your Mistakes Before you work through any more prep material, it’s really important that you spend some time figuring out why, exactly, you’re missing points. Understanding your mistakes will help you hone in on your weaknesses in future study sessions. If you haven’t done enough practice material to do this sort of analysis, I encourage you to sit through a full diagnostic practice test. Most errors on the SAT fall into one of these four categories: Careless mistakes - you should have gotten the question right but missed the point because you were unfocused or rushing. Time mismanagement - you missed questions at the end of a section because you ran out of time. Lack of content knowledge - you missed a question because you never learned what was necessary to answer it correctly (this most commonly happens in the math section). Misunderstanding the question - you interpreted the wording of the question incorrectly, which led to you selecting the wrong answer (or just guessing). For more information on this process, check out our guide to effectively tallying and analyzing SAT errors. Fill in Content Gaps Building up foundational knowledge is extremely important for students who hope to significantly improve their scores. Like I mentioned earlier, you may notice this issue most often in the SAT math section - to get a head start on determining which content areas may need more work, learn about what exactly is tested on SAT math. The best way to fill in content gaps isn’t to complete more official practice tests - you’ll have the most luck with class notes, textbooks, and reliable SAT prep books. When you've filled in knowledge gaps, you can focus less on content and more on test strategy. Prevent Timing Issues All questions on the SAT are worth the same number of raw points. If you find yourself stuck on a particularly difficult question, circle it and come back to it after you work through the end of the section. Remember, though, that since there's no guessing penalty on the SAT, you should answer every question even if you have to guess. If you find yourself consistently running out of time on the test, read about nine ways to buy time on the SAT. Eliminate Question Misunderstandings Even if you have the content knowledge you need to answer a question, you can’t use it effectively if you don’t really get what the question is asking. This is sometimes related to timing issues - if you’re rushing to read through a question, you can end up missing important information. Simply working through practice problems and familiarizing yourself with the test format can help with this issue. Also, marking up your test booklet as you read questions can help you read more actively, especially if you make a point of underlining the most important parts of a question. Conclusion: Can You Fail the SAT? Even though it’s impossible to fail the SAT, it is possible to get a score low enough to hurt your college admissions chances. This critical score will vary based on the sort of schools you’re interested in, but it’s easy to calculate if you follow the steps I’ve outlined above! If you’re worried about a failing performance on the SAT, there are many steps you can take to bring up your scores.Remember that you’re not alone in this - a lot of smart students struggle with low SAT scores. If you customize your study plan to address your weaknesses, you’re on the right track to achieving your target score. What's Next? If you're still concerned about low SAT scores, there are a lot of things you can do to either boost your SAT performance or boost your college applications more generally. First, read more about what constitutes a good, bad, or average SAT score. If you want to focus on bringing up your scores, check out our guide for low SAT scorers. There are unique steps for students to take if they have a relatively high GPA but are still struggling with underperformance on the SAT. If you don't really have time to work on your scores but want to make sure your college apps are successful, check out our ranked list of colleges with the lowest average SAT scores. Disappointed with your SAT scores? Want to improve by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 163

Summary - Essay Example Thus, the system will use algorithms provided by the National Renewable Energy Lab that use GPS to track the sun. The control system will locate the position of the sun and translate the data to signals that will move the motors to orient the device correctly. This will transfer the result using the components of USB and Ethernet to LabVIEW. Although the automated pyrheliometer project has hazards that can be experienced during the manufacturing and operation stages, stern measures will be taken to reduce the chances of their occurrence. First, the challenges experienced during the manufacturing stage will be addressed by providing training to the staff and ensuring that all operators wear protective clothing while at the manufacturing lab. Besides, the problem of insufficient heat dissipation will be resolved by using proper heat sinks for the motor drivers and having over temperature sensors to turn off the system. Lastly, warning red light emitting diode (LED) will be used to help in reducing any hazards associated with the system hitting someone during operation. When it comes to the budgeting, it should be made clear that the entire project will consume money. Since it is a tasking exercise, the project will have to be adequately funded. In order to have an effective financial plan, the entire project will have to be divided into parts: electrical components, framing and mounting and manufacturing. To ensure that all activities are done as planned, each of these will be allocated enough

Bit Coin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bit Coin - Essay Example Bit Coins can also be sent and received by the users after paying an optional transaction fees by using their mobile device, web application or wallet software of their computers. This payment system is used by businesses as well as customers for carrying out transactions. It is one of the most secure payment systems and therefore it has succeeded to grab the attention of many merchants (The Bitcoin Foundation ). Through Bit Coin it is easy to send and receive payment instantly from any part of the world, without any limitations. Bit Coins give the users the full access to their money. Another advantage of bit coin is that the payment is processed with small or no transaction fees. A transaction fee is optional if the users want their payment confirmation to be processed faster by the network. The merchant processor present in the system guides the merchant in payment transaction. Bit coin transaction is irreversible, secure and does not require the personal and sensitive information of the customers. This protects the users from losses occurred as the result of fraud and also there is no such need for PCI compliance. Bit Coin helps the merchants to expand in a market where credit cards are not available and where the rate of fraud is unacceptably high. Bit Coin system gives the users the full control of a transaction and therefore the merchant may not impose unnoticed or unwanted charges on the customer, the way it happens in other payment systems. Bit coin payments do not require the personal information of the users, which provides the customers protections against identity theft. The Bit Coins users may also protect their money with backup and encryption. Many people are still not aware about the concept of Bit Coin. With every passing day more and more businesses are adopting the Bit Coin payment system but still there is a need for the list to grow more, so that they may benefit from the network affect. The value of Bit Coin circulation and the

Molar Volume of a Gas Essay Example for Free

Molar Volume of a Gas Essay Introduction: In this lab I am going to find out the volume of one mole of hydrogen gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The room pressure only slightly differs from the standard, but can be taken into consideration when calculating the results. The molar volume is 22.41 liters per mole at STP (Standard pressure), in other words, at zero degrees centigrade. Figure 3.1 (the experiment set up) Procedure: 1. Set up all equipment. 2. Cut a piece of Magnesium ribbon about 20cm in length. 3. Calculate the weight of the ribbon from the weight of a 1 m long ribbon. 4. Measure 1.0 M Hydrochloric acid to a volume of 25-30ml. 5. Pour the HCl to the reaction flask. 6. Add the Mg ribbon to the reaction flask and secure the mouth of the flask as fast as possible with a hose. Make sure that the hydrogen gas cannot escape from the flask. 7. Follow the temperature 8. Collect the gas until no further reaction is observed in the reaction flask. 9. Carefully remove the gas collection flask so that no gas escapes from the flask. 10. Light the gas. 11. Determine the volume of the gas. 12. Calculate the molar volume of H2 gas at room temperature. a) theoretical value from Vm =22.44 l/mol at STP. b) experimental value from your data. Equipment: * 2 flasks (volume at least 600ml) * large container (volume at least 3,5 l) * Magnesium ribbon * 30ml of Hydrochloric acid * thermometer * a hose (to cover the reaction flask) Observations: * Magnesium ribbon was a little oxidized for it had lost some of its shine. * When the collection flask was turned around and placed in the water filled container, there were tiny air bubbles on the inside walls of the flask. * When Magnesium ribbon was added, it began to corrose in the HCl * Instantly after adding the Mg ribbon to the hydrochloric acid, temperature in the reaction flask started to rise as a chemical reaction took place in the flask. * Moisture and (fog) blocked the view of the reaction * Immediately after adding the Mg ribbon, hydrogen bubbled to the collection flask * Hydrogen bubbled to the flask for about a minute,stopping soon after the ribbon had corrosed in to the HCl. * There was a hissing sound as the chemical reaction occurred in the reaction flask and the gas flowed to collection flask through a pipe. * The temperature in flask A rose quickly by a few degrees celsius and then stayed nearly constant for the 15 minutes the temperature was measured. * The temperature did not change in flask B;however, it cannot be stated for sure as it was only compared with the temperature of flask A. * The temperature in flask A rose very quickly as the reaction started * The amount of hydrogen produced from the reaction was large for large bubbles of gas rose to beaker B within few seconds after starting the experiment * The volume of the reaction flask was not measured, but it is close to the volume of the other flask (629ml) * After the reaction, when lighting the hydrogen gas, collection beaker made a popping sound but the reaction flask actually burned and formed a thin flame. * The flame from the reaction flask gave out a lot of heat, which was not noticed when lighting the gas in the collection flask. Theoretical = 22.5 l/mol Vm= 22.41 0.36 % error The molar volume was 0.36% too large. The error can come from water vapour in the collection flask 10cm water below the glass air in the collection flask temperature rise in the reaction flask water vapour in the reaction flask Evaluation: This experiment had many error-causing factors, which probably influenced the results. Overall, the calculations showed that very little error (0.36% error) which made me a little skeptical about the results. Such a small error percentage was not expected. To point out a few mistakes, I did not measure the difference in height of the water level from the surface of the water-filled container. This would have allowed further investigation about the volume of hydrogen in the flask. Also, the exact volume of the reaction flask was not measured. It was only stated by eye that the flasks looked to be the same size. Other than that, the experiment was performed well. It was made sure that none or very little air was left in the collection flask when turning it around and placing it in the water filled container. There were a few tiny air bubbles on the walls; however, the air in the reaction flask was more likely to influence the result. Having a lab partner helped with managing time, for one was able to follow the temperature while the other checked the time. We made sure that we had read the instructions carefully and thought twice before deciding what methods to use when, for example, turning the flask upside down in the water. Conclusion: In conclusion, the experiment turned out some successful results. When magnesium reacted with the hydrochloric acid, hydrogen was released into the flask from where it flowed through a pipe to the collection flask. The molar volume of H2 gas at room temperature is 22.79 l/mol, which is also the rate for the hydrogen gas in the collection flask. The amount of H2 gas in the flask is impossible to calculate for the amount of water vapour and air was measured when performing the experiment. The experimental value turned out unexpectably very small. 0.36% error in the experiment seems very small, unless there has been some unnoticed mistakes that have influenced the experimental value. The theoretical value is 22.5 l/mol. Temperature changes during the experiment turned out some interesting results, for the temperature seems to start falling soon after the chemical reaction has ended, yet it begins to rise a little after a few minutes and stays constant for a long time before starting to fall (figure 3.2). From the information gained during this experiment, it is difficult to state why this happened; therefore, some extra research should take place if performing the experiment again. Improved investigation: For further investigation, temperature should be measured for longer than 15 minutes in order to find out the rate the temperature is going to fall in a closed flask. The distance between water surface in the container and the surface in the flask should also be measured. For more accurate results, factors such as air and water vapour in the flask should be taken into consideration when calculating the final values. Advisable would be to do some research on why the temperature changed the way it did in this experiment.

Essay --

Apollo 13 experiences major malfunctions which end up changing the mission from landing on the moon to now just trying to return to earth with all of the crew still alive. This movie illustrates how the leaders can develop a new vision and values, and how the team can come together and collaborate under high stress situations. Their vision changes from landing the astronauts on the moon to just getting the astronauts back to earth safely when there is an unexpected explosion in the service module. Even under a ridiculous amount of pressure, the crew was able to communicate efficiently and use their decision making skills to help solve the problem effectively. Apollo 13 is all about how their team effort and leadership skills come together to overcome what they thought would be a horrifying ending. Gene Kranz who was the flight director and in charge of the mission control team, developed a set of values; discipline, morale, toughness, competence, commitment, and team work to approach the situation. These set of values helped build the chemistry that kept them together during all of the different difficulties that had to face and helped the reach success in the end. For every seemingly impossible situation, Mr. Kranz gives new liveliness and vision to the team by his response always being â€Å"we need to find a way to make it work.† His leadership focuses on path goal theory. During his meetings when they were trying to develop a re-entry plan, he was only worried about making sure they were taking the right steps to bring the astronauts back safely. He explains to his colleagues what the proposals are, considers new thoughts, and is very supportive of everyone’s ideas. He clarifies the main goal and uses his relationship with everyon... ... go well and end safely. Marilyn displays personal integrity when she demands to know what is going on with the mission after she sees the news report on TV. She shows self-confidence when she calls and demands to know what’s going on and is will not hang up until she gets answers. During the whole situation she holds herself together under all of the stress, showing her emotional maturity. Gene Kranz and Jim Lovell are the main people who show how a leader is able to influence and lead the team when an unexpected situation occurs. When they’re having to face issues, conflicts, and achieving goals, making sure that your crew is focused is very important. No matter what pressure or conflict they were dealing with, they were able to make decisions fast and effectively. The leadership and team structure were the main reasons behind the ground team’s incredible work.

Accounting Harnischfeger Corporation Case Essay

From Financial Note 2, we know that, in 1984, the corporation had computed depreciation expenses on plants, machinery and equipment using straight-line method for financial reporting purpose. Prior to 1984, the corporation used principally accelerated methods for its U.S operating plants.The cumulative effect of this change, which was applied retroactively to all assets previously subjected to accelerated depreciation, increased net income for 1984 by $11.0 million or $0.93per common and common equivalent share. The impact of the new method on income for the year 1984 before the cumulative effect was insignificant. Answer number 2: I can also identify changes is the following: Changes in the sales calculation, by including the re-sales of products from Kobe Steel Ltd company in the Corporation sales Changes in the depreciation method mentioned before LIFO inventories liquidation boosted the net income by $2.4MM The effect from changes in allowance for doubtful accounts The funding of R&D expenses by Kobe Steel Ltd company The restructure of the pension plan reducing the expenses by $4.0MM I believe the net income could have been roughly around: $17.3MM Net Loss Answer number 3: the reasons I think why management made this changes within the company are: Some of the executive board members hold some shares of the corporation. Evidently, a better net income would have booted the price of share. There was a 40% compensation opportunity for some on the most decision influence members by the end of the year in case of the company exceeds the expectation. There are several requirements the company needs to meet in order to keep the three year loan agreement for its working capital.

Human resource management in Small Organizations Essay

Much of our knowledge of human resource management involves large organizations with dedicated human resource departments and staff, but what about small organizations? Small organizations recruit, compensate, do performance management, and many of the same tasks as large organizations. There are certain things that can be mapped effectively from large to small organizations, but what happens to the rest that do not map? A small organization can not simply let things slip through the cracks based on size or ignorance of laws, rules, or requirements. This is what makes human resource management not only important in small organizations, but essential for their long term success. Human resource (HR) management is an issue that affects every type of organization large and small alike. The majority of research and information that is easily accessible though is for larger organizations with a staff of human resource professionals. While it is true that much of the information for larger organizations can be applied to smaller organizations the majority of things do not. This raises the question: is the practice of human resource management necessary in small organizations or is it simply for the Fortune 500 companies of the world? I propose that not only is human resource management important to small organizations, but it is essential for their long term success. Traditionally, Small organizations have always had limited resources. Many times they completely overlook the importance of a human resources department. In doing so, they elect to omit the department in their business model. This common oversight shifts the burden of specific HR responsibilities to other members of the staff. Most often, these members of management are not trained or experience in human resource management, nor are they schooled in policies and procedures. Because of this, many HR tasks fall through the cracks. These short falls do not negate laws, rules, and other employer responsibilities that cover human resource management. These regulations still apply to all organizations regardless of size. The lack of understanding creates a liability for small organizations because hey feel that they are exempt based on their size. They simply do not have an understanding of all the laws, rules, and other responsibilities that an educated human resource professional would. Without a dedicated HR department, the small business lacks a proper understanding and vision of human resource policies and procedures. This deficiency will also create problems for a small organization. Typically, most small organizations are focused on increasing sales, adding new products and services, and increasing profits. All these objectives are to be met with the aforementioned limited resources. What many small businesses overlook is that proper understanding and implementation of HR policies and procedures is vital to any business. This should be the center piece of any organization; large or small. Small businesses should create a solid foundation by creating a policies and procedures manual. While creating a policies and procedures manual is time consuming, it is essential for successful employee relations. These policies and procedures not only create an understanding between management and employee of what is expected, but most importantly, what is not expected. Often time’s small organizations assume that common sense should be the guide in determining human resource practices. This leaves too many things open to interpretation and can lead to liabilities that can damage or even end a small organization. Policies on sexual harassment, retaliation, Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, and a host of other legal policies must be stated and understood by everyone in the workplace. There are many legal institutions just waiting for organizations to ignore these laws. Creating a policies and procures manual will put in writing what is not tolerated while protecting the small organization. It also will keep the business from being negligent in the protection of its employees. Liabilities are a real threat that face many small organizations; both in the short and long term scope. It does not matter if the organization is liable because of a lack of knowledge or truly negligent; the law only cares if an organization breaks it and not why. Liability issues while vital to the success of the organization are not important if there are no employees. Without employees, the organization cannot sell its goods or services and has no purpose to exist. While a human resource department is important because of liability, there are other issues that are the core responsibility of an HR director that are also key components to the success of a small organization. HR professionals must manage recruitment, compensation, retention, training, and performance. The next key component and considered to be the most important by many, including myself, is that of recruiting. The lack of a formal human resource department and policies make this important component the most challenging. Selection of staff starts with the challenge of who is going to do it. This task often falls on key management personnel and even the president/CEO of the organization. This often impacts the primary responsibilities of this person that directly affect the small organizations ability to increase and make profit. Once the person is selected he/she faces many challenges in the quest for a new staff member or members. The first of these is limited financial resources to spend on recruitment. The lack of money that can be spend limits the amount of areas the open position can be broadcast and there by limiting the pool of qualifies candidates. The popularity of Craigslist and other free online classified internet sites have cut the cost of spreading the word of open positions, but still only reach a limited audience. The ability to add open positions to a small organizations own website is also a free option, but once again limits the exposure to only people coming to its website. The more poplar websites like Monster, Career Builder, and Snag-a-Job reach a larger audience, but cost money. To increase the candidate pool from only online audience to print audience also this is another added expense to an already limited budget. Once the interview process starts there are several other issues that small organizations face. The first of these is the credibility of the organization. Credibility is hurt from even the practice of only posting open positions on a Craigslist. The amount of scams and illegimate business has made the public skeptical of many free sites like Craigslist so the free ad is not entirely free. A Fortune 500 company such as FedEx has no trouble with name recognition or creditability unlike Mailway Delivery, a small package courier. The problem of credibility for the Mailway Delivery’s of the world is another challenge that small organizations face. The next issue is the need of most small organizations employee’s to perform multiple roles. This could include answering phones, sending out mail, and various other duties that everyone shares to keep employee costs down. A candidate from a large corporation might have a specific duty that is his/her only task and that is what they are expected to focus on. In small organization tasks are far less defined and could even change regularly depending on the needs of the organization. This is why small organizations also focus on personal credentials or organizational fit when selecting a candidate. These issues have lead many small organizations to begin a new way of thinking about recruiting. This new way of thinking is outsourcing recruiting to companies such as Manpower, Talent Force and other professional recruiting organizations to take on the small organizations recruiting tasks. These recruiting organizations can provide highly trained human resource professionals and services that can reduce the time key management are taken away from their jobs and put it in the hands of the recruitment organization. The recruitment organization provides not only the benefit of the recruitment, but an array of other services such as benefit administration, payroll services, training, employee relations, and a host of other human resource tasks. This cost is significantly lower for the small organization than hiring someone plus the amount of exposure to liability issues is cut down significantly. These firms also have the option of temporary labor, seasonal labor, and other not permanent labor solutions. They can also be used as an almost try before you buy approach to hiring new people. Another important component to the success of a small organization is that of compensation. This is an important topic in any organization and small organizations are no exception. Compensation is important to several aspects of small organizations including recruitment and retention of staff. It is as simple as if the organization can not pay a fair amount for staff then recruitment will be hard and retention even harder. The limited amount of resources in small organizations makes creating an enticing compensation plan for recruiting and retention a challenge. This has lead small organizations to come up with some different strategies on pay levels, pay mixes, pay structure, benefits and pay raises, but the majority emphasis is placed on pay mix. The pay mix of small organizations focus more on pays incentives than base pay. This pay mix allows the small organization to use the saved cash on labor to reinvest in the company and freeing up scarce resources. This also provides motivation for the staff to achieve goals, increase productivity, and have an overall stake in the success of the organization. These pay incentives can be either short or long term. Short term pay incentives in small organizations may include things like stock and/or profit sharing. The reasoning of why this is a successful is simple. It provides the employee with a tangible reward for his/her work in making the organization successful. This gives the employee to achieve a larger goal with a greater reward based on long term pay incentives. Long term pay incentives are typically a larger stake in the company through some form of equity, stock, stock options, or some other stock based program. This in itself continues the motivation even when this is achieved because the employee begins to identify with management based on their ownership stake in the company. This works extremely well in the high technology organizations, but can be used in almost all organizations. Pay structure in small organizations tend to have far less levels of management and organizational hierarchy so rewards and pay rate are not an indication of status among employees. Pay raises in small organizations are often not given in the same way at large organizations. Small organizations see payroll as a fixed cost and are often not willing to increase this without the success of the organization. This is why short and long term pay incentives and organizational fit play such an important part in the retention of staff. If the employee does not feel the company will be successful they will not be satisfied with a lower base salary because of the lack of faith in the success of the organization. Benefits are a department where small organizations suffer based on the scarce resources available and the high cost of employee retirement plans, company pension plans, and life insurance type options. This is where the long term pay incentives of stock options and ownership in the company have to be a substitute for standard large organization benefit packages. One benefit that small organizations do benefit the most and many choose to invest in is that of education help or reimbursement. This helps the employee by free or subsidized education and the small organization can oftentimes fill gaps in education because of the diversity of job needs. An accountant that also helps with I. T. needs would benefit his/her self as well as the company if he/she took I. T. training classes from the local community college. This not only benefits the employee, but the organization also. This makes education the best benefit for any small organization to invest in. Benefits in small organization may seem unorthodox to many traditional human resource standards, but they are necessary to help recruit and retain the best staff they can. In small organizations it is important to look at compensation from a total view, meaning looking not just at base salary and incentives, but at psychological rewards, learning opportunities, and individual recognition. Retention is an important aspect of staffing that impacts all companies and can be devastating to small organizations. Employees are the most important asset of any small organization and the instability of losing an important asset can cause havoc. Employee retention not only affects a small organization in losing a valuable asset it is an added expensive of finding and training someone else. This combined with any education paid for by the small organization is lost. The goal then of the small organization is to retain the valuable employees through the bonus programs, family type work structure, and many of the other psychological benefits small organizations have to offer. This will lead to lower cost and more efficiency in the organization. Performance management in small organizations does incorporate some parts of compensation such short and long term incentives, training, and other rewards it mostly focuses on performance evaluation processes, disciplinary actions, the laying off of employees and the termination of employees. Often the lack of formal procedures that was discussed earlier comes into play and can negatively effect the organization. The lack of written expectations, rules, and procures open the small organization up to law suits and other liabilities. Performance evaluations, disciplinary procedures, and the law involving termination of employees are important issues small organizations need to spend time on. Training in small organizations is another important component of human resource management effects on the organization. Often times in small organizations the roles of employees are altered, shifted, and sometimes even changed to meet the demand at the time. The amount of change in roles requires that employees stay trained in the area or areas they are working in order to be effective in their job. There are several different types of training that are most common in large and small organizations alike. The first type of training is what most people associate with the word training, formal classroom training. This type of training has been shown to have a positive impact on workers, but is costly in time and money for the organization. This makes formal training for small organizations not the most efficient with some exceptions. Those exceptions are trade association training classes, college seminars, and in house training. Another option that was discussed earlier in the paper was also tuition reimbursement / tuition assistance that are options for formal training. The most common for of training for small organizations is unstructured or most often referred to as on the job training. This is even a selling point in a lot of recruiting efforts of small organizations. The hands on training that a small organization can provide is valuable to the employee as they can not often times get that at a formal training facility. This form of training is often seen as less structured which allows for more interaction and increased learning in many cases. Another form of training that is a new form of training that can be supplemented with formal and informal training is based on social psychology that uses socialization to train new employees. This approach uses socialization to teach the new employee their role in the organization, adjust to job requirements and the culture of the new job. The small organizations have been found to benefit more from this type of training because the new employee is more quickly invited to meetings, asked to go to lunch, and work closer with people than a larger organization. This results in feeling part of the team quicker and learning more quickly. The need for human resource management begins the second the first employee is hired regardless of the size of the organization. The seemingly simple process of hiring, firing, and paying employees is filled with many unseen obstacles that can create problems for a small organization. Effective human resource management has a direct effect on the success of a small organization. It has been said throughout the paper of a small organizations most valuable asset being its employees. This is why human resource management is key to the success of any small organization.

Abortion in the Premodern World

Abortion in the Premodern World While modern technology is quite new in historical terms, the practice of abortion and menstrual regulation is ancient. Traditional methods have been handed down for hundreds of generations and herbal and other methods have roots in the distant past. It should be noted that many ancient and medieval methods and preparations are extremely risky and many are not at all effective, so experimentation is quite unwise. We know abortion was practiced in biblical times from the passage in Numbers where alleged infidelity is tested by giving an abortifacient potion to an accused pregnant woman. The bitter water used to bring on the curse may have been quinine or several of other herbal and natural concoctions that are considered emmenagogues, or drugs that bring on menstruation. Such herbs and other concoctions are in reality often implantation inhibitors or abortifacients. According to the biblical tale, if the woman had not been unfaithful, the drug would not work and the pregnancy was assumed to be the husband’s child. If she miscarried, she was considered guilty of adultery and no questionable parentage ensued. Abortion was recorded in 1550 B.C.E. in Egypt, recorded in what is called the Ebers Papyrus and in ancient China about 500 B.C.E. as well. In China, folklore dates the use of mercury to induce abortions to about 5,000 years ago. Of course, mercury is extremely toxic. Hippocrates also offered abortion to his patients despite being opposed to pessaries and potions which he considered too dangerous. He is recorded as having instructed a prostitute to induce abortion by jumping up and down. This is certainly safer than some other methods, but rather ineffective. It is also believed that he used dilation and curettage to induce abortions as well. Abortion opponents often use the Hippocratic Oath of physicians as an argument against abortion per se, but the opposition had only to do with patient safety. Herbal methods were likely more common and many of the traditional herbs and mixtures are in use even today. Pennyroyal dates at least to the 1200s when manuscripts show herbalists preparing it, but the oil is extremely dangerous and modern herbalists avoid it. Deaths from its use were recorded in the US in the 1990s. A medieval herbal reference called De Viribus Herbarum referred to herbs to induce abortions even earlier in the 11th century. Pennyroyal was among the herbs mentioned but so were catnip, rue. Sage, savory, cypress, and hellebore. Some of the drugs are listed as emmenagogues rather than explicitly as abortifacients, but since the most common cause of a late menstrual period is pregnancy, there is little doubt why they were prescribed and used. Hildegard of Bingen mentions the use of tansy to bring on menstruation. Some herbs have been mentioned for centuries. One is a plant called the worm fern whose root is used to cause an abortion. It is telling that it was also known as prostitute’s root historically. Also used in the same area of Europe were thyme, parsley, lavender, and savin juniper. Even concoctions of camel saliva and deer hair were used. The right of women to seek abortions was not restricted in many places until fairly recently, with most restrictions being related to the time of quickening or fetal movement. Even Plato proclaimed the right of women to seek early terminations of pregnancies in Theaetetus, but specifically he spoke of the right of midwives to offer the procedure. In early times, most pregnancies were not managed by doctors so it was logical that abortion be provided by midwives and herbalists. Other measures to induce abortions have included iron sulfates and chlorides, hyssop, dittany, opium, madder in beer, watercress seeds and even crushed ants. Probably the herbs most commonly mentioned were tansy and pennyroyal. We know that tansy was used from at least the Middle Ages. One of the most brutal methods was practiced in the Orient in ancient times by violently kneading or beating the abdomen to cause abortion, a procedure with great peril to the woman who used it. Even in the 20th century, women were still trying Hippocrates’ jumping up and down method, likely with as little success as their ancient sisters. Wise women have found and used herbs and other preparations to manage their fertility for generations. Some concoctions were contraceptive in nature and others were abortifacients or designated emmenagogues. The latter are now believed to have worked to prevent implantation, a sort of ancient morning after pill. What we know for sure is that in the past as well as now women have found ways to manage unwanted pregnancies. It should be noted that many ancient and medieval methods and preparations are extremely risky and many are not at all effective, so experimentation is quite unwise. There are modern practitioners who do know the folk remedies that are both effective and safe and should be relied upon before even considering such methods. Modern women also have more familiar medical procedures to choose instead of ancient remedies. Sources Konstaninos Kapparis, Assistant Professor of Classics, University of Florida. Abortion in the Ancient World (Duckworth Classical Essays). Duckworth Publishers (May 2003).John M. Riddle (Chair of the History Department and Alumni Distinguished Professor, North Carolina State University. Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance. Harvard University Press (April 1994).

Torture Is Never Justified

Torture Is Never Justified Torture through the History The concept of torture is at the base of many conflicts that take place throughout the country. In fact, it began in ancient times with the Romans and Greeks forcing their prisoners to participate in some of the worst forms of torture we’ve ever known. Since that time, countries around the world have used everything from ‘the rack,’ tar and feathering, stoning, waterboarding and much more to torture others whether for the purpose of gaining information or simply as a method of slowly killing a prisoner. For any purpose, however, torture has never been able to be justified, at any point in our history and most definitely will not be at any point in our future. Torture Is Often Useless Many claim that torture can be justified because it comes down to the safety of the people. They believe that torturing someone in order to gain information that could potentially save lives is acceptable or even reasonable, however, this is not the case. In fact, torture is often used on those labeled as ‘traitors’ for this very purpose but is not often as effective as many would have us believe. This is because those who are being tortured, those who may know something that we would want them to divulge, are also highly trained to ignore the torture and to fight through it as long as they need to until death. As a result, the torture is being done on an individual for no purpose but perhaps a level of sadism on the part of the captor. Despite what we may be told, there is little if anything to be gained by the process. Yet another problem that arises with the concept of torture is at what point does it end? In many countries, torture is allowed for different types of crimes. In the United States, only those accused of being terrorists or prisoners of war are allowed to be tortured, yet only the accusation and not actual proof is needed. In other countries, crimes less than terrorism can be punished by torture and in still others, a crime is not even needed to enact torture on the basis of a simple belief. How could it be possible to even for those who believe in torture in some instances to say that torture is allowed in all  instances per justice? And this is where the struggle begins. Because the more that torture is defended and allowed in one situation, the more others will clamor for it to be allowed in all situations. After all, every criminal situation is looking to help people, to protect people. Want to know more? Go here: When Is Military Force Justified? Single-Parent Children Behaviour Causes of Human Errors in Aircraft Accidents Human Dignity   Sample Essay about Happiness What Is the Value of Human Life? The truth of the matter is that it is not only the government that participates in torture. There are also many instances of vigilante justice where the people of a country or area will join together to enact some type of vengeance on a person they perceive to have done something wrong. These individuals could be tortured with no more evidence against them than public opinion and yet, by attempting to justify torture in some senses, we are opening the door to these types of torture in any sense. The most important matter, however, that arises in this question, is that of human life. The value of human life, of human wellbeing, is written into the Constitution of the United States, ‘the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.’ The life and ‘pursuit of happiness’ for all people is important to us and has always been. But through torture, we strip individuals of their life and their liberty and their pursuit of happiness with the thought that, because we believe them to have done something bad, they are somehow less human. When viewing this issue of torture it is important to remember that there have been changes to it throughout time. Originally, very little was needed in order to implement torture on anyone. Over time, we have narrowed down the reasons and this is a step in the right direction. However, we have not eliminated the process altogether and this is an important next step for us to take. Torture cannot be allowed to continue in any nation that would call itself civilized because, despite what we may be told, there is no justice to be found in torture.

What good life is Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What good life is - Essay Example At some cases, the trip is such a rapid process one hardly realizes to have not gotten anywhere interesting in the end. Readers get a good time they hardly care. However, repeatedly, the poem ask s a lot from the reader and very few given for compensation. Subjects also limit pay-offs, inchoate and too minor, puzzles with gears can complicate churning and might finally reveal the clunk and clink of dullness of mind. The emotionally and spiritually flat dressed up information in technician is some type of poetry, but this is not to a large extent. Poetry with a few conviction and clear voice is more interesting, even when it is not formally accomplished. In the poem entitled â€Å"love† by Michael Dickman, he expresses how people fall in love. This is mostly in weddings and restaurants as they take wine. He analyses various environments where people often like making love and happiness as a sign of love. These occasions are naturally a symbol of good life. They make friendship with strangers as they watch movies. In this poem Dickman, explains how men fall in love with girls in restaurants. He brings out the issue of thighs, how it contributes to love. He uses an example of a boy who sold them popcorns meets a girl who was selling tickets. Dickman explains how love without care come. He compares it with how teeth are in the mouth. That he loved her the way his teeth loved the mouth. He compares his love to that of a boy he knew would attempt to have a purple dinosaur who loved him for real. He says that there is no one who can account for it. That in fact there are no people to do the accounting to balance the books love. He argues that there are even no one to measure the speed and distance between two loving hearts. As Dickman explains about happiness in love, he explains how S&M goddess love her husband. He puts clearly how the goddess brings him to a mall, leading him through the court of food by a leash. This is all because of strong feeling of love.